Preserving Fertility: Alternatives During Cancer Therapy
Fertility Preservation: A Crucial Conversation for Cancer Patients
By Katie Brown, Social Work Supervisor, UK Markey Cancer Center
LEXINGTON, Ky. (Nov. 17, 2025) – In the tumultuous journey that follows a cancer diagnosis, thoughts about future fertility often take a back seat. However, for many individuals, the implications of cancer treatment on reproductive health can have significant long-term impacts. Fortunately, advancements in the field of oncofertility offer patients the opportunity to preserve their fertility prior to undergoing potentially harmful treatments.
Oncofertility is an emerging specialty that bridges oncology and reproductive health, focusing on helping cancer patients maintain their reproductive potential. Treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical interventions can adversely affect the body’s reproductive capabilities, with the level of risk determined by factors including the type of treatment, dosage, and the patient’s age.
Who Should Consider Fertility Preservation?
All patients of reproductive age who might desire biological children should discuss fertility preservation options with their healthcare providers before initiating treatment. This includes not only adults but also parents of pediatric cancer patients, who should engage in discussions with their child’s oncologist. Early dialogue about fertility preservation can empower families to make informed choices regarding their children’s future reproductive health.
Options for Fertility Preservation
For women, the most recognized method of fertility preservation involves the freezing of eggs or embryos. This process requires hormone treatment to stimulate ovarian function, leading to the retrieval and cryopreservation of eggs or embryos for potential future use. An alternative is ovarian tissue freezing, which can be performed rapidly and may be beneficial for patients who require immediate treatment.
Men have a straightforward option to preserve fertility through sperm banking, a process that allows for the collection and freezing of sperm prior to the commencement of cancer treatments. Additionally, experimental techniques such as testicular tissue freezing may be available for boys who have not yet started producing sperm, or men who are unable to provide a sperm sample.
For individuals and couples who may find traditional methods prohibitive, adoption and the use of donor sperm or eggs have successfully allowed many cancer survivors to create families.
Financial Considerations
While fertility preservation is invaluable, the associated costs can be significant and insurance coverage varies widely. Many cancer support organizations exist to assist patients financially, providing grants and resources. It is advisable for patients to consult their medical teams regarding available financial assistance options.
Ultimately, the importance of addressing fertility preservation cannot be understated. Making informed decisions about reproductive health in the face of a cancer diagnosis can help ensure a hopeful future for patients and their families. As the field of oncofertility continues to evolve, raising awareness and facilitating conversations surrounding these critical issues will empower individuals facing cancer to safeguard their reproductive options.
